Non-Catalytic Microwave Assisted Transesterification of Palm Oil with Dimethyl Carbonate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2022/jmet.v12i1.4839Abstract
A reactor-condenser microwave (600W) was modified as an assisted method for continuous transesterification of palm oil. The high free fatty acid oil was simultaneously neutralized and trans esterified with dimethyl carbonate. With the DMC to oil molar ratio of 10:1, 7:1 and 5:1, with temperature range of 150 degrees to 250 degrees, 2 to 4-hour residence time, the continuous conversion of palm oil to ethyl ester was over 90%. The palm oil biodiesel was analyses using FTIR analysis to determine the conversion yield. Most ideal ratio was figured out to be 1:7 (oil to DMC) and it continue to next 4 hour of heating to obtain the best result. The maximum conversion yield achieve was 95.9% and the density, viscosity also fuel properties achieve ASTM standard.Downloads
References
Anastopoulos, G., Zannikou, Y., Stournas, S. and Kalligeros, S. (2009). Transesterification of Vegetable Oils with Ethanol and Characterization of the Key Fuel Properties of Ethyl Esters. Energies, 2(2), pp.362-376.
Asri, N., Machmudah, S., Wahyudiono, W., Suprapto, S., Budikarjono, K., Roesyadi, A. and Goto, M. (2013). Non Catalytic Transesterification of Vegetables Oil to Biodiesel in Sub-and Supercritical Methanol: A Kinetic’s Study. Bulletin of Chemical
Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 7(3).
Cho, H., Kim, S., Hong, S. and Yeo, Y. (2012). A single step non-catalytic esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) for biodiesel production. Fuel, 93, pp.373-380.
Demirbas, A. (2006). Biodiesel production via non-catalytic SCF method and biodiesel fuel characteristics. Energy Conversion and Management, 47(15-16), pp.2271-2282.
Diasakou, M., Louloudi, A. and Papayannakos, N. (1998). Kinetics of the non-catalytic transesterification of soybean oil. Fuel, 77(12), pp.1297-1302.
Ding, H., Ye, W., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Li, L., Liu, D., Gui, J., Song, C. and Ji, N. (2018). Process intensification of transesterification for biodiesel production from palm oil: Microwave irradiation on transesterification reaction catalyzed by acidic imidazolium ionic liquids. Energy, 144, pp.957-967.
El-Araby, R., M. Amin, A., el morsi, a., El-Ibiari, N. and El-Diwani, G. (2018). Study on the characteristics of palm oil–biodiesel–diesel fuel blend. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 27(2), pp.187-194.
Ilham, Z. and Saka, S. (2012). Optimization of supercritical dimethyl carbonate method for biodiesel production. Fuel, 97, pp.670-677.
Ilham, Z. and Saka, S. (2011). Production of biodiesel with glycerol carbonate by non-catalytic supercritical dimethyl carbonate. Lipid Technology, 23(1), pp.10-13.
Lertsathapornsuk, V., Pairintra, R., Aryusuk, K. and Krisnangkura, K. (2008). Microwave assisted in continuous biodiesel production from waste frying palm oil and its performance in a 100 kW diesel generator. Fuel Processing Technology, 89(12), pp.1330-1336.
Li, S., Chen, C., Zhang, D., Zhang, X., Sun, B. and Lv, S. (2018). Microwave-assisted fast and efficient dissolution of silkworm silk for constructing fibroin-based biomaterials. Chemical Engineering Science, 189, pp.286-295.
Lin, J. and Chen, Y. (2017). Production of biodiesel by transesterification of Jatropha oil with microwave heating. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 75, pp.43-50.
Machinerylubrication.com. (2018). The Importance of Oil Oxidation Stability. [online] Available at: https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/28966/oil-oxidation-stability [Accessed 16 Nov. 2018].
Masani, M., Izawati, A., Rasid, O. and Parveez, G. (2018). Biotechnology of oil palm: Current status of oil palm genetic transformation. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 15, pp.335-347.
MINAMI, E. and SAKA, S. (2006). Kinetics of hydrolysis and methyl esterification for biodiesel production in two-step supercritical methanol process. Fuel, 85(17-18), pp.2479-2483.
Nomanbhay, S. and Mei Yin, O. (2017). A Review of Microwave-Assisted Reactions for Biodiesel Production. Bioengineering, 4(4), p.57.
Panadare, D. and Rathod, V. (2016). Microwave assisted enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel with waste cooking oil and dimethyl carbonate. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 133, pp.S518-S524.
Rabelo, S., Ferraz, V., Oliveira, L., & Franca, A. (2015). FTIR Analysis for Quantification of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Biodiesel Produced by Microwave-Assisted Transesterification. International Journal Of Environmental Science And Development, 6(12), 964-969. doi: 10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.730
Sahar, Sadaf, S., Iqbal, J., Ullah, I., Bhatti, H., Nouren, S., Habib-ur-Rehman, Nisar, J. and Iqbal, M. (2018). Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: An efficient technique to convert waste into biodiesel. Sustainable Cities and Society, 41, pp.220-226.
Tran, D., Chang, J. and Lee, D. (2017). Recent insights into continuous-flow biodiesel production via catalytic and non-catalytic transesterification processes. Applied Energy, 185, pp.376-409.
Xiang, Y., Xiang, Y. and Wang, L. (2017). Microwave radiation improves biodiesel yields from waste cooking oil in the presence of modified coal fly ash. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 11(6), pp.1019-1029.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
JMET Copyright Principles
JMET seeks to retain copyright of the articles it publishes, without the authors giving up their right to use their own material.
Originality
The manuscript is neither been published before, nor is it under consideration for publication in any other journals. It contains no matter that is scandalous, obscene, libelous or otherwise contrary to law.
Terms of Acceptance
When the article is accepted for publication, the authors shall hereby agree to transfer to the Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, all rights, including those pertaining to electronic forms and transmissions, under existing copyright laws, except for the following, which the author(s) specifically retain(s):
All proprietary right other than copyright, such as patent rights.
- The right to make further copies of all or part of the published article for my/our use in classroom teaching.
- The right to reuse all or part of this material in a compilation of my/our own works or in a textbook of which I/we am/are the author(s).
- The right to make copies of the published work for internal distribution within the institution that employs me/us.
The authors agree that copies made under these circumstances will continue to carry the copyright notice that appeared in the original published work. The authors agree to inform any co-authors, if any, of the above terms. The authors certify that they have obtained written permission for the use of text, tables, and/or illustrations from any copyrighted source(s), and they agree to supply such written permission(s) to Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology upon request.
