IN-SITU EVALUATION OF INDOOR THERMAL COMFORT PARAMETERS IN AIR CONDITIONING PRESCHOOL CLASSROOMS IN MELAKA TENGAH DISTRICT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54554/jmet.2026.18.01.009Keywords:
Thermal Comfort, Indoor Parameters, Preschool, ClassroomAbstract
This study presents an in-situ assessment of indoor thermal comfort conditions in three air-conditioned preschools located in the Melaka Tengah District, namely Tadika Kemas Batu Berendam (A), Tadika Kemas Melaka Baru (B), and Tadika Kemas Seri Wangi (C). The study was conducted to evaluate the thermal environment experienced by preschool children in Malaysia’s hot and humid climate, with particular emphasis on indoor air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. Measurements were carried out during normal classroom operating hours from 8:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. using a VelociCalc instrument in accordance with the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality (ICOP IAQ) 2010. Data were collected at the children’s breathing zone to represent actual occupant exposure conditions. The measured indoor air temperatures ranged from 22.7 °C to 28.5 °C, relative humidity ranged from 40% to 76%, and air velocity varied between 0.04 m/s and 0.37 m/s across the three preschools. The results indicate that Tadika Kemas Seri Wangi provided the most favorable thermal comfort conditions, characterized by relatively stable temperatures, moderate humidity levels, and more consistent air movement. In contrast, Tadika Kemas Melaka Baru exhibited less favorable conditions, with higher temperatures, elevated humidity, and lower air velocities. Tadika Kemas Batu Berendam demonstrated intermediate performance, achieving acceptable temperature control but showing localized areas of low air movement. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of maintaining balanced temperature, humidity, and airflow conditions in preschool classrooms to enhance thermal comfort and support a conducive learning environment for young children.
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